– Topic : Effect of Commercial feed, Natural Grass and Rice Green fodder on growth performance of Hariana X Khmer Native Beef Cattle.
– By : PHOENG PESITHKHY, KHYCHHADY AND KHOEM SENGHAK
ABSTRACT
Cambodia’s Cattle production system has been increasing impress, particularly in beef cattle production, to meet internal demand. However, cattle production in Cambodia faces some challenges, such as epidemic diseases, management, and feed shortages. Most cattle farmers in Cambodia use the traditional technique of letting their cattle roam freely and only depend on natural grass. Only a handful of farmers grow grass for their cattle. These issues have led to the study of a new feed production technique called hydroponic fodder, also known as hydro-fodder.
The experiment was conducted over a period of 62 days, using a total of 3 treatments and 4 replications. We used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Treatment 1 (T1): 100% commercial feed; Treatment 2 (T2): 50% commercial feed and 50% natural grass; Treatment 3 (T3): 50% commercial feed and 50% hydro-fodder. The experiment was conducted at the training and research farm of the National University of Battambang.
After collecting data on feed weight and body weight, the data were analyzed in SPSS Version 22 (ANOVA and Duncan’s test).
The results show that there was no significant difference in body weight gain (P>0.09) or feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P>0.23) between the three treatment groups T1 is required 13.91Kg (DM) and T2 use 19.38Kg (DM) while T3 use 16.44Kg (DM). However, the palatability test showed that cattle preferred to eat T1 over T2 and T3 compared to (P <0.032) and Linner (P <0.011), but not significantly different from Quadratic. No statistical significance (P> 0.76), T1 is the most consumed (6.79Kg/d) while T2 is 6.3Kg/d and T3 5.98Kg/d. The cost of the mixed feed was also lowest for T2, at $0.12/kg, followed by T1 at $0.13/kg and T3 at $0.38/kg while the cheapest cost of FCR is T3 is 2.08$/kg, followed by T2 at 2.34$/kg, and T3 at 4.38$/kg.
– Topic : effect of orange-fleshed sweet potato flour on the
physicochemical quality of dried khmer noodles (nom banhchok)
– By : Rith Vanneth
ABSTRACT
Sweet potato has the scientific name Ipomoea batatas L. (Lam.). Orange-fleshed sweet potato is an excellent source of carbohydrates and high in nutrients such as vitamins, amino acids and minerals, especially high amounts of carotenoids, which are beneficial for children and pregnant women who are deficient in vitamin A. Nowadays, Khmer noodles are a popular food for Cambodians people. At the same time, noodles also require additional development on nutrients and texture. And the added flour enhances the nutritional value, texture and sensory. The objective of this study was focused on the determination the amount of orange-fleshed sweet potato flour in order to produce dried khmer noodles, as well as to determine the physical, chemical and sensory evaluation on dried khmer noodles. The Complete Randomized Design (CRD) experimental design was used in this study, and divided into five treatments. The orange-fleshed sweet potato flour was added to all treatments by (T0) 0%, (T1) 10%, (T2) 20%, (T3) 30% and (T4) 40%. Dried khmer noodles of each treatment were analyzed for physical, chemical and sensory evaluation. The results were analyzed the statistical ANOVA (One-factor) by using Statistix 8 program to determine whether there was a significant difference (p < 0.05).
According to the results of experiment showed that the addition of 10 to 40% orange-fleshed sweet potato flour has effects to increase the crude protein content of dried khmer noodles from 4.16 to 6.92%, crude fiber from 0.44 to 1.01%, total phenolic content from 76.42 to 108.64 mg GAE/100g and total carotenoid content also increased from 12.13 to 27.21 g/g. The color of dried and cooked khmer noodles were decreased of the brightness (L*), while the values of (a*) and (b*) were increase. Dried khmer noodles can be safe from microorganisms’ growth because they have moisture content and water activity lower value of 14% and 0.6, respectively. However, when the orange-fleshed sweet potato flour was added in over amount, the texture and sensory score were significantly decreased.
Therefore, the optimum level of orange-fleshed sweet potato flour was 10% supplemented into dried khmer noodles, showed the superiority and overall acceptance including texture and customer acceptance, as well as enhancing the nutritional value of khmer noodles such as protein, fiber, especially high in total phenolic content and total carotenoid content that are beneficial to children and pregnant women who are deficient in vitamin A. The results of this study could be used as knowledge in food application as functional foods, especially in the development of Khmer noodles to promote the economic potential of the local community.
– Topic :In vitro kinetics of gas production and degradability in Thai native cattle of cassava stem (manihot esculent crantz) treated with various substances
– By : Sokchea Vong1, Areerat Lunpa1, Chittraporn Yeanpate1, Ruangyute Pilajun1*
1Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ubon Ratchathani University, 34190, Thailand
– Corresponding Email: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to evaluate ruminal fermentation using an in vitro technique of dried cassava stem treated with urea, calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), molasses and yeast on the gas production. The experiment followed a CRD. The dietary treatment were untreated dried cassava stem (CSt, T1) and treated with 3% molasses (T2), 2% urea, 3% molasses and Ca(OH)2 (T3), 3% urea and molasses, 2% Ca(OH)2 (T4), 0.3% yeast, 3% urea and molasses (T5), 0.6% yeast, 3% urea and molasses (T6) which has been fermented for 21days. The results showed that the crude protein content in the treated dried cassava stem was increased by urea treated (P < 0.05). For NDF was a decrease in the treatment of treated dried cassava stem with 3% of urea, molasses and 2% of Ca(OH)2. However, during the NDF decrease, the amount of ADF increased for all treatments with treated dried cassava stem (43-48.1). For gas production (gas from soluble fraction, insoluble fraction, overall extent gas and potential gas) has shown a good result in untreated dried cassava stem when compare with the treated dried cassava stem (P < 0.05). In addition, the in vitro DMD and OMD was found a good result in 2 treatments which were untreated dried cassava stem and treated dried cassava stem with 3% urea, molasses and 2% Ca(OH)2 (P < 0.05). In conclusion, using both untreated dried cassava stem and treated dried cassava stem with 3% urea, molasses and 2% Ca(OH)2 could improve the rumen degradability. Therefore, an in vivo trial by using dried cassava stem, urea, molasses, and Ca(OH)2 as feedstuff for ruminants should be further investigated.
Key Words: cassava stem; molasses; urea; calcium hydroxide; yeast; gas production; degradability
– Topic : Kinetic of gas production, degradability, and fermentation end-product of dietary supplemented with live yeast and ethanol yeast sludge in in vitro trial
– By : Thearak YI1, Ruangyute Pilajun1*, Chittrapon Yeanpet1, Ratchataporn Lunsin2
1Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ubon Ratchathani University, 34190, Thailand
2Pogrom in Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ubon Ratchathani Rajabaht University, 34000, Thailand
– Corresponding Email: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The current study aimed to assess the effect of live yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae/ LY) and yeast sludge (YS) from ethanol plant using cassava root as substrate supplementation on gas production, degradability, fermentation pH and VFAs concentration of diet in in vitro trial. The dietary consisted of 40% of rice straw and 60% of concentrate, it was divided into six treatments including non-supplemented (Ctrl), supplemented with 0.1% of LY (LY), 1% of YS (1YS), 2% of YS (2YS), 0.1% of LY and 1% of YS (Y1Y) and 0.1% of LY and 2% of YS (Y2Y). Treatments were incubated with rumen fluid solution under an anaerobic condition at 39 °C for 96 h. Gas production was determined by repeated times while DMD (dry matter degradability), OMD (organic matter degradability) and fermentation end-products were investigated at 24 h and 96 h of incubation. Kinetics of gas production were not diffent among treatment groups. DMD at 24 h was revealed that 2YS, Y1Y and Y2Y were significantly higher compared to LY. LY was not significantly when compared to Ctrl group, while Ctrl treatment was significantly lower than Y2Y. Fermentation pH and VFAs were not influenced when supplemented LY or ethanol yeast sludge. Supplementary of live yeast and ethanol yeast sludge at 0.1% and 2% enhanced DMD and improve OMD 24 h and pH 24 h. Based on this study, it could be concluded that live yeast and ethanol yeast sludge can be effective supplemented feeds to DM degradation for in vitro technique.
Key Words: gas production; degradability, rumen fermentation; yeast; ethanol yeast sludge
– Topic : Effects of Supplementation of different feed types on performance in Khmer native x Hariana crossbred cattle.
– By : Yousof Pes, Chanthou Chheun, Chanly Sok, Navy Ny, Sophany Morm, and Vibol Peuo
– Corresponding Email: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The objective of this study focused on the effects of supplementation of different feed types on performance in Khmer native x Hariana crossbred cattle. This experiment selected a 12-head female with 190±10 kg of initial body weight (IBW), a completely randomize design (CRD) was assigned, 3 treatments and 4 replications, each assigned 1 head, respectively. The dietary treatment was aligned, T1 used 100% commercial feed, T2 used 50% commercial feed with 50% natural grasses, and T3 used 50% commercial feed with 50% rice green fodder. The feed is provided twice daily at 7:00 am and 4:00 pm. Feed provided at 1.5% compared body weight (BW), but clean water, rice straw, and mineral salt block fed ad libitum. Collected data was analyze using One-way ANOVA in SPSS version 21, Chicago, USA and comparisons between experimental groups used Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT), with differences between groups at 0.01<P<0.05. The mean ± SEM was assigned in this experiment. The results elucidated that these triple experimental groups differed by non-significant (P>0.05). Furthermore, daily weight gain (DWG) was also non-significantly different (P>0.05), T1 average increased 0.41 kg/head, T3 average increased 0.35 kg/head, and T2 average increased 0.29 kg/head. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly different (P<0.05), T2 was 23.00 kg used at the highest level but T1 and T3 used similarity between 14.87-16.18 kg. Separately, economic effectiveness in T1 was paid in 1 US dollar, lost 0.07 US dollar, T2 was paid in 1 dollar, lost 0.48 US dollar, and T3 was paid in 1 US dollar, lost 0.82 US dollar. Using rice green fodder at 50% and commercial feed at 50% did not affect on growth performance or economic efficiency. Thus, researchers should consider reconducting this objective or adding some nutrients to the above objective to evaluate feed efficiency and economic efficiency.
Keywords: Rice green fodder, Natural grasses, Khmer native x Hariana crossbreed cattle
– Topic : Supplementation of Commercial feed on natural grass in Anglo Nubian goats to evaluate growth performance
– By : Sakada Oun, Piseth Soem, Thang Thach, Sophearin Sim, Kimhour Kan, Sophany Morm, and Mach Din
– Corresponding Email: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
This experiment aims to study the effects of different commercial feed levels in natural grasses on growth performance and economic effectiveness in Anglo Nubian goats. The experiment was conducted at Samraong Takok village, Samraong Knong commune, Ek Phnom district, Battambang province. The goats have selected 12 heads regardless of sex with similar ages at 90±10-day and their initial weight was 7.20±0.90 kg, completely randomize design (CRD) was performed 4 treatments, 3 replications, and 1 head of goat was assigned in each replication, respectively. The dietary was divided into T0: Natural grasses provided ad libitum, T1: Natural grasses provided ad libitum with 0.5% commercial feed compared to body weight, T2: Natural grasses provided ad libitum with 1% commercial feed compared to body weight, and T3: Natural grasses provided ad libitum with 1.5% commercial feed compared to body weight. Furthermore, clean water is supplied ad libitum. The data analysis using One-Way ANOVA in SPSS Version 21, Chicago, USA, and comparisons between each experimental group were made using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Significant differences between groups were determined at P<0.05<0.01. Mean values (Mean ± SEM) were determined in this experiment. The results elucidated that the average daily weight gain (ADG) was significantly statistical (P<0.05), T3 was the highest gain weight at 0.11 kg/day, T2 had an average gain weight at 0.10 kg/day but T0 and T1 the same gained at 0.70 kg/day. Feed conversation ratios (FCR) were non-significantly different (P>0.05). Separately, economic efficiency found that T0 expended 1 US dollar and received 0.25 US dollars, T1 expended 1 US dollar and received 0.18 US dollars, T2 expended 1 US dollar and received 0.47 US dollars, and T3 expended 1 US dollar and received 0.51 US dollars. Thus, natural grasses provided ad libitum at 1.5% commercial feed compared to body weight and had excellent growth performance and better economic efficiency than other groups, such as Anglo-Nubian goats. Thus, researchers should conduct this feeding on goats at a 4-month to evaluate the feed efficiency.
Keywords: Desmenthus Vigatus grasses, Commercial feed, Anglo Nubian goats
– Topic : Comparison of Health Condition of Free-Grazing in Khmer native x Hariana Crossbred Cattle
– By : Sophea Phoeur, Vanheng Long, Mengza Khom, Sophany Morm, and Mach Din
– Corresponding Email: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
This study aimed to evaluate the health conditions between males and females in Khmer native x Hariana crossbred cattle on a free grazing system. Ten heads of cattle were selected, with five (male) with 260.80±4.54 kg/head and five (female) with 192.60±5.63 kg/head of initial body weight (IBW). Those selected cattle were 18 months of age with a 14-day feeding regimen. The dietary treatments were assigned in a completely randomized block design (CRBD), with two treatments of five replications, each representing 1 head. Feeding treatments were as follows: T1, free-grazing (male), and T2, free-grazing (female). The results elucidated that the initial body weight (IBW) and final body weight (FBW) were non-significantly different (P>0.05). Eimeria sp. egg per gram (EPG) in these two groups at the first collection was significantly different (P=0.001<0.05), T1=2,590±229.89>T2=940±203.35 (EPG) but the second round was non-significant different (P>0.05). Moreover, glucose and triglyceride levels in the first and second rounds are lower than in the lab’s reference. Still, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and total protein are more than the lab’s reference, and non-significant differences between groups (P>0.05) in the first and second weeks. Glucose and triglyceride are lower than the lab’s reference and are against gaining weight, being powerless, and being stressed. Separately, creatinine, BUN, and total protein are higher than the lab’s reference, causing kidney failure, liver, and pancreas damage. Thus, cattle-free grazing without management could impact weightless parasites, kidneys, pancreas, and liver. So, to decrease these problems, researchers or cattle investigators should provide nutritional feed sources, vitamins, and anti-parasites to their cattle to improve productivity and reduce diseases.
Keywords: Free grazing, ad libitum, Triglyceride, Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), Egg per gram (EPG)
